汪卫平;姜晓晖;张成龙;
WANG Weiping;JIANG Xiaohui;ZHANG Chenglong;Jinghengyi School of Education,Hangzhou Normal University;College of philosophy,Law & Political Science,Shanghai Normal University;Institute of Higher Education,Fudan University;

• 1:杭州师范大学经亨颐教育学院
• 2:上海师范大学哲学与法政学院
• 3:复旦大学高等教育研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

数字能力对信息时代女性的社会融入与赋权至关重要。尽管数字性别不平等或鸿沟已引起重视，但鲜有研究系统考察全球数字化性别不平等的真实现状及原因。受数字化不平等与社会性别平等文化理论的启发，利用PISA2018全球数据，采用跨国（区）分析的方法考察青少年数字能力的性别不平等及文化解释的适用性，最终获得如下发现：其一，女性数字能力低于男性，该趋势在所有样本国家或地区均成立。其二，在控制多层次混淆因素后依然发现性别差距存在，证实了数字化性别不平等（鸿沟）的真实性。其三，基于多元回归技术的跨国（区）分析不仅未支持社会性别平等的解释，还发现了性别平等悖论的结论，即社会层面性别越不平等的地区，数字化性别鸿沟越小。同样令人讶异的是，社会数字态度的性别差异也无法有效解释该悖论。
Digital competence is crucial to women's social inclusion and empowerment in the information age. Although digital gender inequality or divide has attracted attention, few studies have systematically examined the real status of global digital gender inequality and its underlying causes. Inspired by the cultural theory of digital inequality and gender equality, and using global data from PISA 2018, we use a cross-national(region)analysis to examine the gender inequality of adolescents' digital abilities and the applicability of cultural explanations. The study finds that females are less digitally competent than males, and the trend holds across all sample countries and regions. The existence of gender differences was still found after controlling for multilevel confounders, thus confirming the reality of digital gender inequality(divide). Finally, instead of supporting the explanation of gender equality, the cross-country analysis based on multiple regression techniques found a gender equality paradox. The digital gender divide is smaller in regions with greater gender inequality at the societal level, and gender differences in digital attitudes do not effectively explain the paradox.

关键词(KeyWords)： 性别鸿沟;PISA;数字能力;女性赋权;性别平等悖论
gender divide;PISA;digital competence;female empowerment;gender equity paradox

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 全国教育科学“十三五”规划2017年度教育部青年项目“基于MOOC的混合式教学环境下在线自我调节学习调查与测量”（项目编号：ECA170445）;; 2021年“上海高校青年教师培养资助计划”（项目编号：307-AC0302-21-005439）

作者(Authors): 汪卫平;姜晓晖;张成龙;
WANG Weiping;JIANG Xiaohui;ZHANG Chenglong;Jinghengyi School of Education,Hangzhou Normal University;College of philosophy,Law & Political Science,Shanghai Normal University;Institute of Higher Education,Fudan University;

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• ①数据链接：https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?end=2017&start=1990.
• (1)有专门网站实时测量全球数字化性别鸿沟，参见：Monthly Report[EB/OL][.2021-10-25].https://www.digitalgendergaps.org/monthly?report=2021-10.